Irony in Sophocles Oedipus the King Essays -- Oedipus Rex Essays

Irony in Sophocles' Oedipus In the play "Oedipus," irony is used frequently as and as eloquently by Sophocles to the reveal theme of seeking knowledge. Not knowing the King of Thebes, Oedipus, gives speeches on finding the murderer of the King of Laias and how wretched the poor soil will be when the truth is revealed. " Then once more I must bring what is dark to light†¦, whoever killed King Laios might- who knows?-might decide at any moment to kill me as well. By avenging the murder of the King, I protect myself, (Sophocles 1109). The speech shows how dedicated Oedipus in the pursuit of the murderer and not only the avenge of the King but to save himself. He will not be saving but adding down to his life. Oedipus doesn't realize he is in pursuit of himself. He continues his speech "Moreover: If anyone knows the murderer to be foreign, Let him not keep silent: he shall have his reward from him," ( 1112). With his own words he asks for the truth. But he can't handle the truth, for he has no idea what he is asking for or for whom he is searching for. He also states that he wants t...

Hand washing

â€Å"Researchers in London estimate that if everyone routinely washed their hands , a million deaths a year could be prevented†¦ (CDC, 2013)† Studies have shown that hand washing may be the single most important act to help stop the spread of infection. Hand hygiene is one of the most important steps we can take to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others. A lot of diseases are spread by not washing hands with soap and water. sometimes clean running water may not be available, so use soap and the available water or hand sanitizer.Though sand sanitizers may help they may not eliminate all germs and may not be effective when there is visible dirt. Hands should be washed before and after procedures, preparing food, eating, caring for the sick, using the restroom, changing diapers , blowing the nose, coughing and sneezing . People should be taught the right way to wash hands, after touching animal waste or handling pets. By simply hand washing the government can save not only lives but money, that can go to improve people's lives.The Center for Disease Control (CDC) provides healthcare workers and patients with a variety of resources including guidelines for providers , patient empowerment materials , latest technology advances and educational tools (CDC, 2002). The findings have changed my nursing practice in that if I have to be a good advocate for my patients I have to educate them on life saving habits.During admissions to the hospital patients are encouraged to wash their hands and to report if or refuse care if they notice a healthcare worker not wash their hands. the staff cannot reason with the patients , we have teams of investigators who watch staff go in and out of patients rooms . Sometimes they take pictures in â€Å"got you in a good act,† it is only the hands that are taken so people are conscious of this health habit that saves lives. The WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in healthcare are a thorough review of evidence on ha nd hygiene in healthcare to improve practices and reduce transmissions of pathogenic microorganisms to patients and healthcare workers (CDC, 2009).Through research there are findings about factors that influence compliance or adherence to hand hygiene practices. Some of these are hand washing agents causing irritation and dryness, sinks being inconveniently located or shortage of the same, lack of supplies, too busy or insufficient time, overcrowding, patients needs take priority, wearing gloves /beliefs that glove use replaces the need for hand hygiene, additional perceived ideas to appropriate hand hygiene and so many more (CDC, 2002).Research examines these factors to provide guidelines through evidence based research, and better ways to help the public and healthcare workers adhere to life saving practice. At my hospital we have two pumps one for the sanitizer and lotion based sanitizer to encourage staff and patients to sanitize without the fear of irritation.

Examining And Analyzing Astrazeneca In The Pharmaceutical Industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1304 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The UK leads Europe in Biotechnology and is second in the world in terms of capitalisation, beaten only by the US. 46% of Europes biotech companies are British. More than 50% of European drugs in clinical trials are British. This is partly due to the consolidation of maturing companies and in the continuing investment by venture capital groups and institutional investors (theÂÂ  venture capital industry has invested some 344ÂÂ  million in biotechnology over the last tenÂÂ  years). There are three distinct types of pharmaceutical companies in the UK: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining And Analyzing Astrazeneca In The Pharmaceutical Industry" essay for you Create order Research and Development (An Integrated Company) Research Only i.e. Biotechnology Contract Pharmaceutical Organization (CPO) The Pharmaceutical Industry is the second largest contributor to Gross Domestic Product behind Financial Services. There are several very big players in the UK with GlaxoWelcome, SmithKline Beecham and AstraZeneca being the three largest UK based companies. In America the largest organization (in capital terms) is Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD), and until recently this was the worlds largest company. In recent years with the merger of Glaxo Welcome and Smith Kline Beecham to form GSK, Merck Sharp Dohme have been relegated to second position. Here in this report we will have a detailed look on AstraZenecas business. ASTRAZENECA AstraZeneca is a global, innovation-driven, integrated biopharmaceutical company. They discover, develop, manufacture and market prescription medicines for six important areas of healthcare, which include some of the worlds most serious illnesses: cancer, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, infection, neuroscience, and respiratory and inflammation. The company has a senior executive team and highly experienced Board and Senior Executive Team. The Board sets the Companys strategy and policies, and monitors progress towards meeting their objectives. This includes regular reviews of financial performance and critical business issues. The Senior Executive Team, led by Chief Executive Officer David Brennan, focuses on the day-to-day running of our business operations and our Company development, regularly reviewing and deciding all major business issues. They have a global reach but local knowledge, being active in over 100 countries, with a growing presence in emerging markets such as China, Brazil, India and Russia. In 2009 they had sales of $15,981 million in North America, $12,471 million in Other Established Markets and $4,352 million in Emerging Markets. Combining the disease area expertise with country-specific knowledge helps us to market and sell medicines that best meet local needs. Of the 62,700 employees worldwide, 47% are in Europe, 31% in the Americas and 22% in Asia, Africa and Australasia around 11,600 people work in our RD organisation and they have 17 principal RD centres in eight countries, including Sweden, the US and the UK. They have 9,500 employees at 20 manufacturing sites in 16 countries. AstraZeneca sells to over 100 countries mostly through their own local marketing companies and has 10 medicines with sales of over $1Billion each in 2009 and their products are marketed mainly to physicians and other healthcare specialists. AstraZeneca uses the internet to strengthen relationships with their customers, stakeholders and suppliers and to improve their speed and efficiency. AstraZeneca has a major manufacturing presence in Macclesfield, Cheshire and another at Avon, near Bristol, and also Luton is their base for sales and marketing. Astra Zeneca was formed on 6 April 1999 through the merger of Astra AB of Sweden and Zeneca Group PLC of the UK two companies with similar science-based cultures and a shared vision of the pharmaceutical industry. The merger gave the company global power and it is now a leader in a number of specialist markets, including oncology and anaesthesia. Strategy The executive team, with the endorsement of the Board, believes that the most value-creating strategy for AstraZeneca is to remain a focused, integrated, innovation-driven, global, prescription-based biopharmaceutical business: Focused in that they will continue to be selective about those areas of the industry in which we choose to compete, targeting those product categories where medical innovation or brand equity continues to enable them to make acceptable levels of returns on their investments Integrated in that they believe the best way to capture value within this industry is to span the full value chain of discovery, development and commercialisation Innovation-driven in that they believe our technology base will continue to deliver innovative products that patients will want and for which payers will pay Global in that they believe we have the ability efficiently and effectively to meet healthcare needs in both Established and Emerging Markets. AstraZeneca believe that there are continued opportunities to create value for those who invest in pharmaceutical innovation and that AstraZeneca has the skills and capabilities to turn these opportunities into long-term value. 4. Financial Highlights 32.8bn Sales up 7% to $32,804 million ($31,601 million in 2008) 23% Core operating profit up 23% to $13,621 million ($10,958 million in 2008) 7.7bn Strong cash flows reduced net debt by $7,709 million resulting in net funds of $535 million Sales $m (+7%) Net cash flow from operating activities $m Sales growth 7% 2009 3% 2008 7% 2007 Core operating profit $m (+23%) Reported operating profit $m (+24%) Core gross margin $m (+10%) Reported gross margin $m (+11%) Core earnings per Ordinary Share $ (+23%) Reported basic earnings per Ordinary Share $ (+22%) Operational overview Distributions to shareholders $m 2009 2008 2007 Dividends 2,977 2,739 2,641 Share re-purchases 610 4,170 29% Crestor up 29% to $4,502 million 23% Symbicort up 23% to $2,294 million 4 Four major regulatory submissions 4 In-licensing/acquisition of four late-stage projects $1.6bn Annualised savings of $1.6 billion from restructuring 6% Top 6% in the sector in the Dow Jones Indexes In brief Sales Crestor sales were up 29% to $4,502 million; Symbicort up 23% to $2,294 million; Seroquel up 12% to $4,866 million; and Arimidex up 7% to $1,921 million. Nexium sales fell by 1% to $4,959 million and Synagis sales fell by 12% to $1,082 million Sales of Toprol-XL and H1N1 influenza (swine flu) vaccine in the US accounted for 3 percentage points of the global revenue growth Emerging Markets growth was 12%, accounting for 13% of total revenue Pipeline developments include Four major regulatory submissions made Complete Response Letter submitted for fifth regulatory submission In-licensing/acquisition of four late-stage projects 89 projects in clinical development Restructuring programme delivered annualised savings of $1.6 billion in 2009 and expanded to deliver further savings Positioned in the top 6% in the sector in the Dow Jones World and STOXX (European) Indexes Up to $1 billion in Ordinary Shares will be re-purchased by the Company during 2010 Note: All growth rates are at CER. Despite the difficult world economic conditions, 2009 was a successful year for AstraZeneca. Our strong performance and considerable achievement in making a real difference to patient health around the world meant that our shareholders were also able to benefit. Group sales increased by 7% in 2009 to a total of $32,804 million. Reported operating profit was $11,543 million, up 24%. Reported earnings per share for the full year were $5.19 (2008: $4.20). The Board has recommended a second interim dividend of $1.71, a 14% increase over the second interim dividend awarded in 2008. This brings the dividend for the full year to $2.30 (141.4 pence, SEK 16.84), an increase of 12% from 2008. In 2009, cash distributions to shareholders through dividends totalled $2,977 millions. Inventories 2009 $m 2008 $m 2007 $m Raw materials and consumables 445 409 579 Inventories in process 726 631 806 Finished goods and goods for re-sale 579 596 734 1,750 1,636 2,119 Inventory write-offs in the year amounted to $83m (2008: $51m; 2007: $95m). The inventory table above shows the write offs of 2009 and compare them to the previous years. 2007. The Company used double entry method in evaluating the stock and perform inventory as seen in the financial reports by using the trial balance and balance sheet. The method used here for depreciation is a straight line method. The earnings per share for the shareholders are as follow. Dividend for 2009 ÂÂ   $ Pence SEK Payment date First interim dividend 0.59 36.0 4.41 14 September 2009 Second interim dividend 1.71 105.4 12.43 15 March 2010 Total 2.30 141.4 16.84 ÂÂ   $2.30 Dividend per Ordinary Share 2009.However the reported basic earning per share in 2009 was $6.32 while it was $5.10 in 2008 and $4.38 accordingly. Conclusion AstraZeneca is a global company with a great and every expanding profit and looking at the previous annual reports I have observed that its business is expanding day by day and so is the value of its shares as we have seen above a gradual rise in the eps every year therefore I would recommend and would love to buy its shares as there is minimum risk and huge profit.

Abolishing the Death Penalty Thesis - 2058 Words

Abolishing the Death Penalty October 18, 2010 Abolishing the Death Penalty The death penalty has been an active force in the United States for decades. In the early history of our country, public executions were quite popular. Thousands have been executed with the majority occurring in the early twentieth century. But public sentiment towards the executions began to wane as the concepts of basic human rights were being developed throughout the century. As a result, a kind of unofficial moratorium was placed on all executions while several Supreme Court cases were taking place to determine the legality of the punishment. The result of the cases actually made the death penalty illegal as it stood, so several states rewrote their†¦show more content†¦Proponents of the death penalty also view it as a deterrent to crime. (â€Å"Same old†, 1990). Just by having the possible punishment of death as an end result to a heinous crime has lowered the murder rate in some states. The feeling is that the more executions you have, the lower the homicide rate you will have. Not to mention the innocent lives you will save. Supporters of capital punishment will cite studies showing that murderers who are allowed to live will inevitably kill again. Studies have shown that murderers awaiting their death penalty sentence to be carried out have killed correction officers, knowing there could be no additional fate assigned to them. Another argument made in favor of the death penalty is one of Biblical proportions. There are some activists that say the Bible itself proclaims the right to execute a perpetrator of the most serious of crimes by quoting a scripture from Leviticus 24:20 – â€Å"†¦fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. As he has injured the other, so he is to be injured.† The old adage has not been lost on those who feel that it is their God given right to enforce the laws that God has given them regarding the taking of a human life. (Gray, 2010) Lastly, many supporters of capital punishment feel that it is appropriate to give a punishment that fits the crime and one that is universal. It doesn’t matter aShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1306 Words   |  6 Pageschanged since the 17th century, so why not the age old penalty of death? Capital punishment in the United States is a highly debated topic. Arguments that want to get rid of this method of punishment usually mention the many problems that capital punishment is plagued with. The death penalty has many issues that cannot be resolved, and since these issues can’t be solved, the death penalty should be abolished. â€Å"The irrevocable nature of the death penalty renders it an unsustainable and indefensible remedyRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Cruel And Violent Process1343 Words   |  6 PagesThesis: Capital punishment is a cruel and violent process that is extremely expensive to many taxpayers, discriminating against one s race and well being in justifying cases, and overall has a negative effect on society. I. High in cost A. Life in prison B. Cost of taxes C. Cost of programs II. Discrimination in cases A. Wealth B. Racism III. Violent in application A. Cruel and unusual B. Denial and rights IV. Counters of argument A. Statistics B. Deterrence C. Life Capital punishment isRead MoreDevelopment Of The Prison System3366 Words   |  14 Pagesthe dreaded death penalty, along with other forms of punishments in particular floggings, execution and transportation. The death penalty was to be used in circumstances that were severe as the main form of punishment according to (Muncie, 1996). The main reason was due to the deteriorating usage of prisons in the 16th and 17th century. In his study Muncie also established that eventually, towards the ending of the 1600’s; transportation emerged as the prominent deterrent penalty ; and henceRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesany company can confront. Worse, however, is when such risks are allowed to continue for years. Ford Explorers equipped with Firestone tires were involved in more than 200 deaths from tire failures and vehicle rollovers. After news of the accidents began surfacing, Ford and Firestone each blamed the other for the deaths. Eventually, inept crisis management brought a host of lawsuits resulting in massive recalls and billions in damages. GENERAL WRAP-UP Where possible, the text depicts majorRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesdoctor obligated by the same laws as everybody else? 3. Would people be better off without society regimenting their lives and even their deaths? 4. Should the doctor make the woman’s death from a drug overdose appear to be an accident? 5. Does the state have the right to force continued existence on those who don’t want to live? 6. What is the value of death prior to society’s perspective on personal values? 7. Should the doctor have sympathy for the woman’s suffering, or should he care more about

Video Games And Its Effects - 872 Words

Video Games 2 Everyone has their outlet, whether it’s reading, working out, or just hanging out with a friend for a bit; life is crazy and having a way to let out stress is a healthy way of living. Although this is true, one outlet of stress that is becoming larger and larger throughout the years is video games. It was an obvious theme throughout Ready Player One that the world they were living in was so corrupt, that an alternate world was a better option to live in than reality. The world we live in now is nothing like the corrupt world of Ready Player One, yet video games are taking over many teens’ lives. There are countless negative effects these video games have on teenagers including an increase in violence, a negative effect on grades, and anti-social and depressed feelings. If teens continue this obsession with basically living in an alternate world, their reality is going to get very challenging. Video games are inching their way into nearly every household in America . According to Palo Alto Medical Foundation (PAMF), about 97% of households support videogames. This is great for the companies, the video game industry is thriving (PAMF expects the industry gains about 12 million per years), but the effect it has on teens isn’t that great. Violence seen in video games is having a direct effect in violence in teens. According to the American Psychological Association, there is a lot of evidence to support the claim that violence in video games increasesShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On The Video Game Industry Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesthe network effects in the video game industry? The network effects in the video game industry are derived from the console system that is sold to consumers. If a company is able to increase penetration in this arena, though at-cost/ below-cost pricing or pull created through the development of desirable content, it can potentially lock in the added value of the video games sold for the system. Which is to say, the console locks-in the network effects in the industry and the games serve to reapRead MoreVideo Games and Violent Video Games Effect1225 Words   |  5 Pages A video game is â€Å"an electronic game in which players control images on a television or computer screen† (Merriam-Webster). Video games have been entertaining and challenging gamers since the Game Boy to modern console games. Despite the simplicity of the definition of video games, a video game, especially ones containing violence can have a large effect on the gamer. Because of the realism and advancements in the video game industry, video games can influence the player, and can make the gamerRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects947 Words   |  4 Pagesplaying video games! I started noticing that he was acting different. And many times he wanted to be playing these video games while we were eating or visiting relatives. This situation was very uncomfortable for me. After a few months he was spending more time playing the same games over and over. Eventually, it was normal for him to get back from school and go directly to his room to play video games. My son was putting aside the illusion of having a new bike and have gone to the video games. Read MoreThe Effect Of Video Games992 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Video Games â€Å"In 1972, the Surgeon General issued the following warning on violent TV programs: â€Å"It is clear to me that the causal relationship between televised violence and antisocial behavior is sufficient to warrant appropriate and immediate remedial action. †¦ There comes a time when the data are sufficient to justify action. That time has come.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Steinfeld, 1972). In the decades since hundreds of studies have been done on the effects of violent media exposure and violence. 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A lot of people view video games as being bad and say thatRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects2558 Words   |  11 Pagesearly 1970s, the mass production of computer and video games became a common theme in most developed countries. However, their popularity was accompanied by as much contention. Fuelled by the ever increasing popularity of the industry and the economic significance of the information technology industry, negative findings such as gaming addiction, epilepsy, and violent crime, has been the subject of debate. On the other hand, many scholars, video game developers and other scholars have cited numerous

Diversity Essay Medical School Example For Students

Diversity Essay Medical School Encounters between people of different cultural backgrounds have existed forever.People have always thought bout things that were unusual in other cultures. But, those encounters were relatively slim in early days today, they are almost part of everyday life, At the same time, the interchange between cultures has jeopardized their very existence, and the emergence of a diverse culture, a fixation often referred to as globalization.. Primarily, what makes cultures different from each other is it looks at the process of what an individual goes through in an intercultural races, and how it adapts to culture changes in its environment.The individual learns its culture from its environment more then from its family, or from its social relationships. People found, that over time the world market, would change character to adapt to production and consumption and in its material also in its intellectual process. The intellectual creation of individual nations become common property. From the numerous national and local books, there comes a world literature between all cultures.If the environment changes, our internal learning structure gets disturbed, and we have to adapt after a certain pressure occurs this can well be a small adaption to ajust our behavior so that is new. Cultures do come together and new identities do arise. There are real communities that are formed and dissolved. People do go through many cultures, and identities. But the underlying culture still determines a lot of the emerging cultures the local focus is still present, and we have not yet reached a universal culture. We will write a custom essay on Diversity Medical School specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At the end of the twentieth century the post-modern culture order, and the economic order have given lift , in the united states in particular, to a new form of identity. A global identity. Particularly the Northern states celebrate the transnational feeling, and the globalization of their citizens. Hispanic students speak English well enough to have a conversation,they can also do that with Spanish. Alot of cultures do well in exchange programs. Ariel washing powder, Gillette razors and Mars candy bars have entered supermarkets, giving the world the best a man can get. The globalaztion has not stoppedwith the Big Mac, the globalization is in all our fridges and stores. We are connected and, most importantly, reconize we are growing together..But even with all of this, we are not the same. Somehow some people still refuse to become the world citizen that is so often proclaimed. Somehow the blacks are still Blacks, and the hispanics still hispanic. even though the globlization is taking place. That can not be denied. And with the globalization comes an influence on the national cultures. The world is connected, the flow of information has very limited borders, so has the flow of people and influences. What was before the colonization, and the influence on the local culture, that is taking place now on a larger, faster and more bigger scale. It reaches not only a certain class, it reaches far into the society, every society. This report aims to help the confusion of intercultural encounters and of cultural differences. In a post-modern society, the groups that make a society are no longer clearly defined, the borders are open. The national and local cultures have come in a section of global forces, and we have to adapt. In this report , i hope you haved learned what cultural differences are . Lastly we take a look at the development of the most influential impact factors that lead to culture transformation.The extension of the non liberal economic world order, and the globalization of consumption the extension of the political ethics of the united states, the Media culture and the shifts in the subjective reality it represents and finally the rise of the Internet that emerges as a potentially new form of facilitated information flow around the globe.Our worldview is of course subject to the reality that we experience around us it is the real world: family, friends and colleagues; but it is also the non-real world: the world of television and media, the world of the abstract. Both worlds have equally an important impact onto our meaning structure, and give the impulses to change and adopt our meaning structure. In this view, the concern for, for example, children being exposed to extremely violent ch ildrens programming seems extremely realistic. .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb , .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb .postImageUrl , .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb , .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb:hover , .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb:visited , .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb:active { border:0!important; } .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb:active , .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud7b56384a44ca8d92bad2d3931f5cddb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Karl Marx Argumentative EssayThis project has aimed to give an overview of the complexities of culture and globalization, society and the individual. With the emergence of new communication forms, further research is needed to identify the impact of the possible new communities and communication possibilities that arise. Equally, the influence of mass media, and in particular commercial media merits further attention. Their influence on shaping the individuals reality is still largely contested, particular problems that arise are the democratic culture and the national cultures. Another important research question is the rise of neo-fascist and anti-democratic tendencies i n various cultures, and their connection to cultural variables and globalization. Furthermore, the convergence of cultures has to be studied in more detail. While the field of what makes a culture has been elaborated and solidified, the predicting theories of cultural convergence are still not developed. Also there is a need for further research into the different theories of intercultural exchange, the appropriateness, usefulness and relevance of developed theories has to be tested against reality. For this a more profound set of research methods needs development.

Scholarly Legal Writing Essays - Pedagogy, Academia,

Scholarly Legal Writing The education of lawyers must not merely involve the acquisition of knowledge and skills; it must include the cultivation of creative thinking and imagination, the appreciation of the commonality of the human condition, and development of a sense of judgment and responsibility. Hence, lawyering includes the ability to understand and critique existing and emerging visions of the profession in relation to interdisciplinary and multicultural perspectives, the implications of technology, and the consequences of economic globalization.# As the preceding quotation suggests, legal scholarship has a major impact on the future of the profession. The future of any legal student must begin with a strong foundation of legal knowledge. A cornerstone of this foundation must be the practice and interpretation of scholarly legal writing. Scholarly legal writing in itself can be a very complex, even scary term for law students to understand and apply. However, the way in which legal writing is applied may very well hold the key to whether or not the writing is understood and properly judged. During the course of this paper, I will demonstrate and shed understanding on the effective writing process of scholarly legal writing a student will encounter in law school. I will show and explain the writing style as well as examine the different writing styles used. I will give an understanding of how scholarly/critical legal writing is relevant in the development and usage of other legal writing skills. Finally, I will show an essay I created to demonstrate many of the scholarly legal writing skills and techniques this paper shows. I believe you will find the techniques and strategies in this paper to be inspirational, crucial and essential in creating effective scholarly legal writing. You will leave with the basic understanding of how scholarly legal writing can enhance your writings and yourself. Perhaps the most difficult part of writing a legal paper is choosing a subject and developing a thesis. Allowing you to put your own educated take on the subject while supporting your analysis by argument and evidence. Choosing a subject you feel comfortable with and show interest in will make your research more enjoyable-not long and dull. It will also enable you to now find a thesis. Professor Richard Delgado suggests that you find one new point, one new insight, one new way of looking at a piece of law, and organize your entire article around that. One insight from another discipline, one application of single logic to a problem where it has never been made before is all you need.# Judicial opinions must be examined with a critical eye. You must analyze the way the writer looks at the law, as well as read for inconsistency and rhetoric. By doing so, your thesis will be, as it should be, an original and supportable proposition about the subject. Once you have your thesis it is time to gather information and assimilate it. Without doubt, you will spend numerous hours reading, note taking, browsing and skimming; deciding which materials are relevant. It is very important to be thorough and to involve current trends. Assimilating information or making the information your own is critical to your research. This will give you a greater understanding of your research and aid in setting your paper apart from others. Writing a draft can be difficult. Your thoughts and notes may be anything but orderly. An outline is an excellent way to arrange ideas and place information in schemes that will work for you. If you are dealing with case law: case charts, cluster diagrams and issue trees can be invaluable. Case charts list cases and allows you to organize issues by case. Cluster diagrams, on the other hand, include ideas and details with lines attaching details to the main idea. Issue trees begin with a primary idea and work down the tree to sub points.# These trees and diagrams may be revised easily into outlines. The actual writing can begin at any part, not necessarily the beginning. Some writers even begin with the conclusion. It is important to write in an order of ease. You may find something that would work perfectly in an area of your paper other than where you are. Feel free to move around. Do not be bothered with polishing and fine-tuning your work.