Free Essays on E-retailing

E-Retailing Retail is one of the more obvious market areas on the Web. In retail, vendors sell items and administrations legitimately to a purchaser. E-retail, additionally called e-tail, happens when retailers utilize the Web to sell their items and administrations (Sanchez 16). E-retailers continually challenge the old methods of directing business as they carry new items and administrations to the market. All retailers, in any case, work along these lines. A client (customer) visits an online business at what might be compared to a showroom: the electronic retail facade. The electronic customer facing facade, likewise called an online inventory, is the Web website where an e-retailer shows its items. It contains depictions, illustrations, and at times item surveys. Subsequent to perusing through the product, the client makes a determination. This actuates a second zone of the store known as the shopping basket. The shopping basket is a product segment on the Web that permits the client to gather buys. Things in the truck can be included. Erased, or even put something aside for a future visit. At the point when prepared to finish the deal, the client continues to the checkout. At this, the client enters individual and money related information through a protected Internet association. The exchange and budgetary information naturally are checked at a financial Web website. On the off chance that the bank supports the exchange, the client gets an online affirmation notice of the buy. At that point, the e-retailer forms the request and sends it to the satisfaction place where it is bundled and delivered. The e-retailer advises the bank of the shipment, and installment is sent through electronic channels to the e-retailer. Stock frameworks are refreshed. Transportation data is posted in the Web, so the client can follow the request. The client regularly gets the request a couple of days after the buy (Microsoft Word 2002 Project 2). E-retailing presents another approach to shop. The store is open 24 hours every day. With a couple of snaps of th... Free Essays on E-retailing Free Essays on E-retailing E-Retailing Retail is one of the more obvious market divisions on the Web. In retail, dealers sell items and administrations straightforwardly to a purchaser. E-retail, likewise called e-tail, happens when retailers utilize the Web to sell their items and administrations (Sanchez 16). E-retailers continually challenge the old methods of leading business as they carry new items and administrations to the market. All retailers, in any case, work along these lines. A client (buyer) visits an online business at what could be compared to a showroom: the electronic customer facing facade. The electronic customer facing facade, likewise called an online inventory, is the Web website where an e-retailer shows its items. It contains depictions, designs, and some of the time item audits. Subsequent to perusing through the product, the client makes a determination. This initiates a second territory of the store known as the shopping basket. The shopping basket is a product segment on the Web that permits the client to gather buys. Things in the truck can be included. Erased, or even put something aside for a future visit. At the point when prepared to finish the deal, the client continues to the checkout. At this, the client enters individual and money related information through a protected Internet association. The exchange and money related information naturally are checked at a financial Web website. On the off chance that the bank affirms the exchange, the client gets an online affirmation notice of the buy. At that point, the e-retailer forms the request and sends it to the satisfaction community where it is bundled and sent. The e-retailer tells the bank of the shipment, and installment is sent by means of electronic channels to the e-retailer. Stock frameworks are refreshed. Transportation data is posted in the Web, so the client can follow the request. The client normally gets the request a couple of days after the buy (Microsoft Word 2002 Project 2). E-retailing presents another approach to shop. The store is open 24 hours every day. With a couple of snaps of th...

Exam questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Test questions - Essay Example The utilization of innovation upgraded the development of machines that expanded the efficiency of laborers. Innovation likewise improved the development of undertakings to huge scope makers. Food items were, along these lines, delivered in masses that took care of the general public. Final results were delivered at less expensive expenses and less time than in the ongoing occasions. Because of the progressions the ways of life of the residents were improved and furthermore recorded a social change. Individuals moved from suburb territories to the urban communities along these lines land was left empty for creation of food. On occasion individuals who lived in the urban zones and worked in the production lines lived in soiled conditions because of overpopulation in the urban territories (Goloboy 2008, p.58). Expanded food creation is basic for industrialization in any state. Work is basic for the development of businesses and the state to keep up an adequate number of workers it needs to gadget methods of creating enough food to take care of the populace. Industrialization in Europe was because of supportable strategies for food creation. Industrialization in Britain happened somewhere in the range of 1750 and 1830. England had ideal conditions for industrialization to happen. Mineral assets, work and innovation, were available in Britain and encouraged the modern transformation (Goloboy 2008, p.67). England had utilized wood as a wellspring of warmth for quite a while it subsequently had a lot of coal stores remaining and were utilized in new thoughts. The wellspring of warmth was utilized in the businesses. England was additionally a pilgrim ace of numerous countries, the crude materials that couldn't be found in Britain could be imported from the states at modest expenses. The settlements additionally gave markets to the finished results. Different elements that added to industrialization in Britain were the bounty normal assets in Britain. The administration of Britain additionally improved the transportation in Britain upgrading the developments of completed merchandise and crude materials. The developing populace in

Learned Helplessness - What It Is and Why It Happens

Learned Helplessness - What It Is and Why It Happens Theories Behavioral Psychology Print What Is Learned Helplessness and Why Does it Happen? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 19, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 08, 2020 Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview History Adults Children Mental Health Conditions Overcoming View All Back To Top When bad things happen, we like to believe that we would do whatever necessary to change the situation. Research on what is known as learned helplessness has shown that when people feel like they have no control over what happens, they tend to simply give up and accept their fate. What Is Learned Helplessness? Learned helplessness occurs when an animal is repeatedly subjected to an aversive stimulus that it cannot escape. Eventually, the animal will stop trying to avoid the stimulus and behave as if it is utterly helpless to change the situation. Even when opportunities to escape are presented, this learned helplessness will prevent any action. While the concept is strongly tied to animal psychology and behavior, it can also apply to many situations involving human beings. When people feel that they have no control over their situation, they may begin to behave in a helpless manner. This inaction can lead people to overlook opportunities for relief or change. The Discovery of Learned Helplessness The concept of learned helplessness was discovered accidentally by psychologists  Martin Seligman  and Steven F. Maier. They had initially observed helpless behavior in dogs that were classically conditioned to expect an electrical shock after hearing a tone. Later, the dogs were placed in a shuttlebox that contained two chambers separated by a low barrier. The floor was electrified on one side, and not on the other. The dogs previously subjected to the  classical conditioning  made no attempts to escape, even though avoiding the shock simply involved jumping over a small barrier. To investigate this phenomenon, the researchers then devised another experiment. In group one, the dogs were strapped into harnesses for a period of time and then released.The dogs in the second group were placed in the same harnesses but were subjected to electrical shocks that could be avoided by pressing a panel with their noses.The third group received the same shocks as those in group two, except that those in this group were not able to control the shock. For those dogs in the third group, the shocks seemed to be completely random and outside of their control. The dogs were then placed in a shuttlebox. Dogs from the first and second group quickly learned that jumping the barrier eliminated the shock. Those from the third group, however, made no attempts to get away from the shocks. Due to their previous experience, they had developed a cognitive expectation that nothing they did would prevent or eliminate the shocks. Learned Helplessness in People The impact of learned helplessness has been demonstrated in different animal species, but its effects can also be seen in people. Consider one often-used example: A child who performs poorly on math tests and assignments will quickly begin to feel that  nothing  he does will have any effect on his math performance. When later faced with any type of math-related task, he may experience a sense of helplessness. Learned helplessness has also been associated with several different psychological disorders. Depression, anxiety,  phobias, shyness, and  loneliness  can all be exacerbated by learned helplessness. For example, a woman who feels shy in social situations may eventually begin to feel that there is nothing she can do to overcome her symptoms. This sense that her symptoms are out of her direct control may lead her to stop trying to engage herself in social situations, thus making her shyness even more pronounced. Researchers have found, however, that learned helplessness does not always generalize across all settings and situations. A student who experiences learned helpless with regards to math class will not necessarily experience that same helplessness when faced with performing calculations in the real world. In other cases, people may experience learned helplessness that generalizes across a wide variety of situations. The Role of Explanatory Styles So what explains why some people develop learned helplessness and others do not? Why is it specific to some situations but more global in others? Many researchers believe that attribution or explanatory styles play a role in determining how people are impacted by learned helplessness. This view suggests that an individuals characteristic style of explaining events helps determine whether or not they will develop learned helplessness. A pessimistic explanatory style is associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing learned helplessness. People with this explanatory style tend to view negative events as being inescapable and unavoidable and tend to take personal responsibility for such negative events. Learned Helplessness in Children Learned helpless often originates in childhood, and unreliable or unresponsive caregivers can contribute to these feelings. This learned helplessness can begin very early in life. Children raised in institutionalized settings, for example, often exhibit symptoms of helplessness even during infancy. When children need help but no one comes to their aid, they may be left feeling that nothing they do will change their situation. Repeated experiences that bolster these feelings of helplessness and hopelessness can result in growing into adulthood ultimately feeling that there is nothing one can do to change his or her problems. Some common symptoms of learned helplessness in children include: Low self-esteemPassivityPoor motivationGiving upLack of effortFrustrationProcrastinationFailure to ask for help Learned helplessness can also result in anxiety, depression, or both. When kids feel that theyve had no control over the past events of their lives, they gain the expectation that future events will be just as uncontrollable. Because they believe that nothing they do will ever change the outcome of an event, kids are often left thinking that they should not even bother trying. Academic struggles can often lead to feelings of learned helplessness. A child who makes an effort to do well but still does poorly may end up feeling that he has no control over his grades or performance. Since nothing he does seems to make any difference, he will stop trying and his grades will suffer even more. Such problems can also affect other areas of the childs life. His poor performance in school can make him feel that nothing he does is right or useful, so he may lose the motivation to try in other areas of his life as well. Learned Helplessness in Mental Health Learned helplessness is thought to contribute to feelings of anxiety and may influence the onset, severity, and persistence of conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). When you experience chronic anxiety, you may eventually give up on finding relief because your anxious feelings seem unavoidable and untreatable. Because of this, people who are experiencing mental health issues such as anxiety or depression may refuse medications or therapy that may help relieve their symptoms. As people age, learned helplessness can become something of a vicious cycle. When encountering problems such as anxiety or depression, people may feel that nothing can be done to ease these feelings. People then fail to seek out options that may help which then contributes to greater feelings of helplessness and anxiety. Overcoming Learned Helplessness So what can people do to overcome learned helplessness?  Research suggests that learned helplessness can be successfully decreased, particularly if intervention occurs during early onset. Long-term learned helplessness can also be reduced, although it may require longer-term effort. Therapy can be effective in reducing symptoms of learned helplessness. In one study, for example, some participants were asked to try to complete an unsolvable task. Those who received a therapeutic intervention after failing at the task were more likely to try again and successfully complete a follow-up task. Those who did not receive an intervention were more likely to experience learned helplessness and give up. So what can people do to overcome learned helplessness? Cognitive-behavioral therapy  is form of psychotherapy that can be beneficial in overcoming the thinking and behavioral patterns that contribute to learned helplessness. The goal of CBT is to help patients identify negative thought patterns that contribute to feelings of learned helplessness and then replace these thoughts with more optimistic and rational thoughts. This process often involves carefully analyzing what you are thinking, actively challenging these ideas, and disputing negative thought patterns. A Word From Verywell Learned helplessness can have a profound impact on mental health and well-being. People who experience learned helplessness are also likely to experience symptoms of  depression, elevated stress levels, and less  motivation  to take care of their physical health. Not everyone responds to experiences the same way. Some people are more likely to experience learned helplessness in the face of uncontrollable events, often due to biological and psychological factors. Children raised by helpless parents, for example, are also more likely to experience learned helplessness. If you feel that learned helplessness might be having a negative impact on your life and health, consider talking to your doctor about steps you can take to address this type of thinking. Further evaluation can lead to an accurate diagnosis and treatment that can help you replace your negative thought patterns with more positive ones. Such treatment may allow you to replace feelings of learned helplessness with a sense of learned optimism instead.