The evolution of strategic intelligence analysis beginning in WWII Essay

The evolution of strategic intelligence analysis beginning in WWII trhough the Korean war - Essay Example Strategic intelligence involves acquiring information pertaining to military strategy and operation plans at the national level. In strategy intelligence, more focus is shifted on factors such as geography of foreign countries, long-term future planning trends and tactics. According to the DIA, strategic intelligence is a crucial implement in anticipation of future threats globally (Andrew 45). The World War II made America to realize the need for military intelligence in particular in terms of strategy. According to the Defense Intelligence Strategy (DIA), the Pearl Harbor attack by the Japans came as a huge surprise to the U.S presumably as result of inability or total failure by the government to predict the attack (Defense intelligence Agency). This is considered as one of the most noteworthy intelligence letdowns that subsequently led to the evolution of strategic intelligence. In the awakening of the Second World War, Andrew points out that the U.S. faced what he termed as a re volution in intelligence. In his opinion, both former presidents Truman and Roosevelt were incapable of grasping the full repercussions of the revolution. Roosevelt was, however, interested in human intelligence that was more spy-based instead of signal intelligence such as radio transmitter (Defense intelligence Agency). ... to an American and British Treaty that saw to the authorization and subsequent commencement of the development of the covert operations that were to gather relevant military information (Andrew). This also set up the foundation for the formation of government intelligence units such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) as well as National Intelligence Agency (NSA). This was further augmented by Eisenhower who greatly contributed towards the development of strategic intelligence especially imagery satellites in an era where space explorations had not been launched. To do this, through the CIA Eisenhower deployed U-2 panes that surveyed the U.S. borders as well as some parts of the enemies’ territories (Prouty and Ventura 42). According to Prouty and Ventura, these steps marked a significant evolution of intelligence as the CIA started to invade areas that it was familiar with and in which it could establish its operations without being seen or observed by other parties with in the U.S. government as well as other enemies. Prouty and Ventura describes the CIA’s activities as a water spillage that spread quite fast. By the late fortes, the U.S. Air Intelligence Force was established by General Vandenberg that consisted of a number of units that was well equipped with military weaponry ranging from flight machineries to printing correspondents and leaflets distribution units. Upon their establishment, they were taken through a rigorous during training exercise, before being deployed to various parts of the world such as Japan. Some aspects of these units were greatly incorporated in the Korean War with some of the specialized sections made to work with the CIA in Asia, the Middle East and Europe as well (Johnson 163). Strategic intelligence was further boosted by

Importance of Radioisotopes and Isotopes Research Paper - 1

Importance of Radioisotopes and Isotopes - Research Paper Example Some of the isotopes undergo radioactive decay over time, therefore, known as radioactive isotopes. On the other hand, those isotopes not been observed to undergo any form of decay are known as stable isotopes. In general, isotopes have similar chemical properties but different physical properties. For example, hydrogen has three different isotopes (fig 1); 1H, 2H, and 3H. Hydrogen 1 or protium is the most abundant isotope. As they all have similar chemical properties they can form similar bonds. H2O and D2O are some examples but they have different physical properties. H2O has melting point of 0.0oC and boiling point of 100.0oC but D2O melts at 3.82oC and boils at 101.4oC. (Stoker 55). Isotopes have various applications in different sectors. In the medical field, radioactive and stable isotopes are used in medical procedures for the purpose of diagnosis and therapeutic use. Isotopes have a significant application in biomedical research field as well as research in physics, biology, chemistry, geosciences and other branches of science and technology. Isotopes can be used in various ways in the various fields discussed above. They are generally helpful because of their emission properties. Isotopes with short half life decay and emit various radiations such as beta emissions which can be detected by various means. Therefore, they can be used as ‘tracers’. For example, scientists can measure the uptake of nutrients in a plant by using a radioactive isotope of phosphorous. 32P containing compound can be introduced in the soil which is taken up by the plant. It has a short half life of about 2 weeks and the rate of uptake can be found my measuring the time taken for it to appear in the leaves. It can be traced in the leaves by detecting the beta emissions. (Kotz, Treichel and Townsend 1086). Many other applications of radioactive isotopes apply similar technique. There are many applications of isotopes in the field of medicine. Iodine is an essential